Definition of Child Cancer

Any uncontrolled growth or abnormal cell reproduction results in a tumor. Not all tumors are cancerous. Therefore, tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign lesions do not spread to distant areas (metastasis) but can cause problems by spreading to nearby areas or disturbing functionality. Cancer can spread to nearby areas as well as remote areas. It can occur in any organ or tissue in the body and is named after the type of organ from which it arises. Generally, cancer is divided into cancer that arises from solid organs such as liver, kidney or cancer that arise from blood and lymphoid tissue or leukemia / lymphoma.

Type of Cancer in Children

Common types of cancer in children in Malaysia:

I.  Leukemia – White blood cell cancer

II. Lymphoma – Lymphoid tissue cancer

III. Brain Tumors – Brain Cancer

Other types of cancer in children:

I. Osteosarcoma – Bone cancer.

II. Neuroblastoma – Sympathetic nervous system cancer.

III. Wilms’ Tumors – Kidney cancer.

IV. Hepatoblastoma – Type of liver cancer seen in children

Cancer Risk Factors in Children

Unlike adults, the majority of cases of childhood cancer are unknown to the cause. Therefore, preventive strategies become difficult But it’s not too early to cultivate good habits and healthy lifestyles among children. In some cases there are certain factors that increase the chances of children getting cancer => risk factors. These include:

I. Genetics – Exceptional chromosomes are examples of down syndrome or diseases rarely inherited

II. Lack of disease resistance either by default or acquired (eg: AIDS)

III. Infections like Hepatitis B in liver cancer or Ebstein Barr Virus in Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

IV. Parents age

V. Exposed to ionizing radiation

VI. A child who has been diagnosed with cancer and has been treated with chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy has the risk of getting other cancers. This is known as the second malignant neoplasm.

There is no final proof of:

I. Exposure to non-ionizing radiation

II. Parents occupation

III. Parents who smoke

Signs of cancer such as fever, pale or bruising can also occur in non-cancerous common diseases such as dengue fever or other infections. Therefore, doctors rarely state it as cancer when these symptoms begin to appear.

Cancer Symptoms in Children

- Difficult to be identified.

- Indicates clinical symptoms in the initial phase.

- Can mimic childhood illnesses like infections.

Symptoms and signs are visible:

1) Excess swelling, lump or massive swelling

2) Pale is unknown to its cause / peculiarity

3) Tends to experience bleeding spontaneously or bruised

4) Prolonged fever is unknown to the cause

5) Change of vision or eyes

6) Losing weight is unknown to the cause

7) Often headache together with vomiting at night or early morning

8) Swelling or persistent pain in the bones, joints

9) Repeated infection

10) The white color behind the eyes

Lymphoma is a cancer that develops in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system contains immune cells called lymphocytes, which protect the body against the antigen (virus, bacteria etc) that enter the body. The organs that belong to the lymphatic system are bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Precursor cells in bone marrow produce lymphocytes. Lymphocytes B (B cells) mature in bone marrow. Lymphocytes (T cells) mature in the thymus gland. Abnormal lymphocytes that divide too fast and grow uncontrollably cause lymphoma.

Type of Lymphoma
Many different types of lymphoma exist but are generally divided into 2 main groups, depending on the (morphological) image of the cancer cell (malignant). The lymphoma is known as:
1) Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) (also called Hodgkin’s disease)
- This form is more commonly found in older children or teens than children less than 5 years old.
- This type of lymphoma is defined by the existence of a special malignant cell, named after Reed-Sternberg cells, in the lymph nodes or organs involved.

2) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
- This name is used for all other forms of lymphoma.
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is found in all age groups but is more commonly found in older people, over 50 years
- At non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, there is a malignant-specific growth of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells found in the lymph nodes).
- Malignant lymphocyte growth is also found in one form of leukemia (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL), which sometimes makes it difficult to distinguish between lymphoma and leukemia.
- In general, individuals with lymphoma exhibit multiple bone marrow involvement, ranging from no involvement at all or just minimal involvement to extensive engagement, while individuals with leukemia experience extensive bone marrow involvement from the beginning.
Both types of lymphomas are formed from the lymphatic system. But its effect on the body is different, spreading differently and responding to treatment differently.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma instead of Hodgkin is then divided into sub-types based on the specific type of cell involved, the maturity level reached by the cells, apparently under the microscope, or how the cells grow. This subtype helps doctors choose the most likely treatments.

Lymphoma Stage
Stage I (early stage disease) – Lymphoma located in one area of the lymph nodes or in an organ outside the lymph nodes
Level II (localized advanced disease) – Lymphoma located in two lymph nodes or more, all located on the same side of the diaphragm, or in a lymph nodes and adjacent tissues or organs. (Diaphragm is a thin muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.)
Level III (advanced disease) – Lymphoma that affects two areas of lymph nodes or more, or one area of the lymph nodes and one organ, on both sides of the diaphragm
Phase IV (spreading or spreading disease) – Lymphoma outside lymph nodes and spleen, which has spread to other regions or organs such as bone marrow, bone or central nervous system.

Risk Factors of Lymphoma
Risk factors are anything that increases the chances of a person getting cancer. Although risk factors can affect the development of cancer, most of them do not cause cancer directly. The actual cause is unknown, but the following factors may increase the risk that a person gets lymphoma:
1) Age : Lymphoma may occur at all ages but non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is more commonly found in older ages (over 50 years). Hodgkin’s lymphoma is most commonly found in people between the ages of 15 and 30 years.
2) Sex : Overall, men are more likely to have lymphoma than women, though the Hodgkin lymphoma-sub typical sclerosis is more commonly found in women.
3) Family history : Individuals and individuals of Hodgkin’s lymphoma show a higher chance of getting this disease (though it is likely that it is still small).
4) Exposure to the virus : Individuals infected with certain viruses may be at higher risk for some types of lymphoma.
5) Depressed immune function : Individuals with depressive immune function such as those with HIV infection have increased risk of developing lymphoma.

Lymphoma Cancer Symptoms
1) Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, neck, or between the legs
2) Fever
3) Body becomes weak and tired
4) Weight loss
5) Always sweat
6) Difficult to breathe and often chest pain
7) Itching on the skin
8) Skin rash

What is Thyroid Gland?

The thyroid gland is a gland in the neck. The thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and is located on the front of the neck, underneath the voice box (larynx). This gland has two parts (lobes). The lobes are separated by isthmus (a thin tissue).
Four or more parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands are located on the surface of the thyroid gland and produce parathyroid hormones. Parathyroid hormones help the body maintain a healthy calcium level.

Thyroid gland has two types of cells that produce hormones:
1) Follicle cells. The follicle cells produce thyroid hormones that affect heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.
2) Cell C. Cell C produces calcitonin (a hormone that helps control calcium levels in the blood).
The healthy thyroid gland is a little bigger than the size of a 20 cent coin. These glands cannot be felt through the skin.
Thyroid disease may be significant as two types of disease groups, either because of their function or nodes (cancer or not cancer) in the neck.

What is Thyroid Cancer?
Thyroid cancer begins when the thyroid gland becomes abnormal, grows uncontrollably, and forms a mass of tissue called tumor or tumor.
Tumors in thyroid are often named nodules. However, thyroid nodules may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Different features of the benign nodules with malignant nodules are described below.
1) Nodul benigna:
- Usually life-threatening (depending on the location and size, may be large enough to cause narrowing of the airways that result in life-threatening conditions)
- Does not penetrate the tissue around it
- Does not spread to other parts of the body
- Usually do not need to be discarded
2) Malignant nodules:
- Sometimes it may be life threatening
- Can penetrate the surrounding tissues and organs
- Can spread to other parts of the body
- It can often be removed or destroyed, but sometimes the cancer reappear

Types of Thyroid Cancer
Types of thyroid cancer are based on how cancer cells look through a microscope.
Thyroid cancer cells can spread to the blood vessel (which connects all body tissues) and thus form a new tumor and destroy the organs affected by these cancer cells.
The following are the four major types of thyroid cancer:
• Papillary Tumor
• Follicle Tumors
• Medicinal Tumor
• Anaplastic Tumors

Papillary Tumor
This type of tumor develops in cells that produce thyroid hormones that contain iodine.
This cancer usually grows slowly. However, this can spread to the lymph nodes in the neck or near them.
Most of this type of tumor can be successfully treated by the doctor even though the cells have spread to nearby lymph nodes. (Depending on its sub type and perfection of surgery, as well as the stage of illness).

Follicle Tumors
This tumor also develops in cells that produce hormones that contain iodine, and have a thin tissue layer around it named capsules.
Many follicular tumors can be restored but may be difficult to control if the tumor penetrates into the bloodstream or grows over the capsule into the adjacent structure of the neck. (Depending on its sub type and perfection of surgery, as well as the stage of illness).

Medullary Tumors
These types of tumors affect thyroid cells that produce hormones that do not contain iodine.
These types of tumors grow slowly but are more difficult to control than papillae and follicles. The cancer spreads to other parts of the body.

Anaplastic Tumors
This type of tumor is the fastest growing thyroid tumor.
This highly abnormal cancer cell spreads quickly to other parts of the body.

Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer
Listed below are several factors that may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but no one knows the exact cause of thyroid cancer.
I. Exposed to radiation: Individuals exposed to high levels of radiation are expected to be more likely to have thyroid cancer than other individuals. An important source of radiation is the treatment of X-rays. For example, a person who always uses X-ray diagnostic even with a low dose of radiation increases the risk of developing thyroid cancer.
II. Gender: Women are more susceptible to thyroid cancer than men. In Peninsular Malaysia, as reported by Malaysian Cancer Statistics – Data and Figures, Peninsular Malaysia, 2006, women are three times more likely to have thyroid cancer than men.
III. Lineage: Certain types of thyroid cancer may be inherited.
IV. Age: Thyroid cancer can occur in any age group, but is more likely after age 30, and the risk increases in older individuals.
V. Iodine is not enough in the diet: Thyroid glands require iodine to produce thyroid hormones. We can reduce the risk if iodine is one of our food ingredients. Seafood is an example of food that contains iodine.
VI. History of goiter on the person or family: Goiter is a benign nodule (non-cancerous) thyroid. Individuals who experience goiter are likely to have thyroid cancer.
If one has a risk factor or more, this does not mean that he or she will get thyroid cancer. Most individuals with some risk factors do not have thyroid cancer. However, the obvious is non-infectious thyroid cancer.

Thyroid Cancer Symptom
In the early stages, thyroid cancer often does not show symptoms. As thyroid cancer grows, the symptoms may result in:
- The existence of a lump on the front of the neck and can be felt.
- Rasping or hard talking in a normal voice.
- Lymph nodes are swollen, especially in the neck. The lymph nodes are oval and contain many tissues that act as filters for liquids called lymph and function to remove cell waste and help the body fight infection.
- Hard to swallow or breathe.
- Pain in the throat or neck continuously.

What is Nasopharynx?
- Throat is also named farinks.
- Farinks is divided into 3 parts and nasofarinks are one of them.
- Nasofarinks lies behind the nose and the upper 1/3 of the throat.
- Nasofarinks begin on the back of the nose and leads down to the neck.
- Farinks is a tube length of about 12.7 centimeters (5 inches).

What is Nasopharynx Cancer?
- Cancer that develops in nasopharynx is named nasopharynx cancer.
- It is also named nasopharyngeal carcinoma or NPC (nasopharyngeal carcinoma).
- The Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus also increases the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer.
- Cancer begins when cells in the body divide abnormally and form a tumor.
- Tumors may be benign (non cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Type of Cancer Nasopharynx
Most nasopharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma – squamous cell carcinomas (flat cells such as skin cells that pass through the inside of the mouth, nose, larynx and throat). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are three nasopharyngeal cancer subtypes:
1) Keratinizing squamous cell cancer – Keratinizing squamous cell cancer (type 1)
2) Non keratinizing squamous cell cancer – Non keratinizing squamous cell cancer (type 2)
3) Carcinoma is different – Undifferentiated carcinomas (type 3)

Nasopharynx Cancer Stage
Stage 0 (Carcinoma In Situ)
Abnormal cells are present in nasopharyngeal linens. This is an early stage of cancer. Some doctors call it pre-cancerous.
Stage I
This stage is the earliest stage of nasopharynx cancer. It may involve all parts of nasopharynx. This cancer may not spread to other parts of the body.
Stage II
At this stage, cancer cells have propagated to the surrounding tissues. There are 2 groups in Phase II.
IIA: cancer occurs in nasopharynx and spread to orofarinks, and / or nasal cavities
IIB: cancer is present in nasopharynx and spread to the lymph nodes in the neck
Stage III
If you are in Level III, it means one of the following:
- Cancer is found in nasopharynx and has spread to lymph nodes about 6 centimeters or less, on both sides of the neck.
- Cancer is found in nasopharynx and has spread into oropharynx and / or nasal cavities and to the lymph nodes about 6 centimeters or less, on both sides of the neck.
- Cancer has spread to nearby bones or sinuses, and may spread to lymph nodes about 6 centimeters or less, on both sides of the neck.
Stage IV
This means that cancer has spread.

IVA: Cancer has spread to skulls, cranium nerves, eyes or hypopharynx. Cancer may also have spread to the lymph nodes about 6 centimeters and slightly less on the neck.
IVB: Cancer has spread to skulls, cranium nerves, eyes or hypopharynx. Cancer may also have spread to the lymph nodes about 6 centimeters and more around the neck.
IVC: cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body such as bones, lungs and brain.

Nasopharynx Cancer Risk Factors
1) Use of tobacco : smoking, and more tobacco use for longer periods, higher risk for cancer
2) Alcohol : Drinking heavily and often alcoholic beverages is a risk factor for head and neck cancer
3) Age : 40 years old or older
4) Decreased immunity : such as AIDS disease increases the risk of getting cancer
5) Diet : Less eating fruits and vegetables
6) Gender : men are twice as likely to risk from women to have NPCs
7) Environment : Excessive exposure to dust and smoke may increase risk factors for NPC.

Nasopharynx Cancer Symptoms
Early symptoms include:
1) The nose is often bloody
2) Hearing problems such as buzzing sounds and pain
3) Nasal congestion

When disease develops, the following conditions may occur:
1) Hearing loss
2) Pain, numb, or paralyzed on the face
3) Coughing blood
4) Swallowing problems
5) It is difficult to breathe or talk that is caused by a sting nose
6) Blurred or shadowed vision
7) Hard to open mouth

Nasopharynx Cancer Prevention
1) Do not use tobacco products.
2) Drink alcohol at a moderate pace.
3) Eat healthy diet. This diet should be rich in cereals, fruits and vegetables.
4) Meet doctors and dentists on a regular basis for cancer screening and screening.

Cancer is a disease that occurs when cells grow abnormally. When cancer begins in the cervix, it is called cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is caused by cell changes caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus can move from one individual to another by contact during sex. However, cervical cancer itself cannot be contagious to other individuals.

Cervical Function
1) Generates moisture to lubricate the vagina
2) Produces mucus to help sperm movement
3) Accommodates the baby in the womb during pregnancy
4) Allow menstrual blood to flow from the uterus to the vagina

Types of Cervical Cancer
There are two types of cervical cancer:
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Adenocarcinoma

1) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- This is the most common type of cervical cancer. It is formed from a flat cell covering the outer surface of the cervix.

2) Adenocarcinoma
- This is also a less common type of cervical cancer. It is formed in the glandular cells found in the cervical ducts.

Cervical Cancer Stages
Stage 0 – Cancer is only present in cells on the cervix
Stage 1 – Cancer invades further into the cervix
Stage 2 – Cancer has begun spreading around the cervix
Stage 3 – Cancer has spread to the pelvis
Stage 4 – Cancer has spread to other organs

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors

Risk factors are factors that may increase the risk of a person suffering from cervical cancer. Among them are:
1) Sex activity at a young age
2) Have sex friends
3) Have a sex friend with another sex partner
4) Give birth to many children
5) Human papillomavirus infection (Human Papillomavirus – HPV)
6) Smoking
7) Less maintaining vaginal cleanliness
8) Immunity to protect the body from infectious diseases decreases due to some diseases such as AIDS and others
9) Do not undergo Pap test (‘Pap smear’) periodically
10) From low social class

Cervical Cancer Symptoms
Symptoms / Symptoms are signs that are experienced by someone who signals that the individual is likely to have cervical cancer. Among them are:
1) Pain and bleeding during sex activities
2) Bleeding from abnormal vagina
3) Bleeding from the vagina during the menstrual period
4) Bleeding from the vagina after menopause
5) Pain or swelling in the legs
6) Pain in the back of the lower body
7) Prolonged or excessive fatigue
8) Smelly and abnormal vaginal discharge

The lungs are a pair of respiratory organs located within the chest cavity. Lung cancer is formed when normal lung cells undergo several levels of change or mutation then become cancerous cells and begin to grow and grow without control. Cancer cells can spread to the organs or structures close to them and spread to other limbs such as lymph nodes, liver, bones and brain. Lung cancer is a common cancer worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for men and women. In Malaysia, lung cancer is the third most common cancer after breast cancer and colon cancer. It’s usually slow to be detected with most patients in the final stage, so the estimated lifetime of 5 years is only about 15%.

Type of Lung Cancer

There are two main types of lung cancer:
1) Non-small cell lung cancer
2) Small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer
The main and most common types involve about 75-85% of total lung cancer.
It is divided into:
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Other- large cell, anaplastic, clear cell

Small cell lung cancer
* Lung cancer type less common (15%).
* Have a tendency to pre-spread to some parts of the other organs with nearly 80-90% found to have spread out of the lungs when the diagnosis is made.

Lung Cancer Stage
Lung cancer is divided into several stages or levels based on how far the lung cancer has spread when diagnosing. This level will determine the treatment and its prognosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer
Stage 1
At this stage the cancer in the lung tissue does not exceed 5 cm and does not pass the membrane part of the base of the lung tissue and has not spread to the lymph nodes.

Stage 2
Cancer exceeds the size of 7 cm or between 5-7 cm but spreads to the nearby lymph nodes or attacks the adjacent pleura layer, diaphragm or nerve.

Stage 3A
Cancer that has spread from the lungs to the lymph nodes in the middle of the chest.

Stage 3B
Cancer that has spread locally but involves important structures such as heart, blood vessels, trachea and esophagus and / or spread to various lymph nodes on both sides of the chest.

Stage 4
Cancer has spread to other lung lobes or other parts of the body such as the liver, bone or brain or presence of cancer cells in the pleural fluid (accumulation of fluid around the lungs).

Small cell lung cancer
* Limited = Lung cancer including outbreaks to the lymph nodes is limited to only one part of the chest.
* Widespread = Cancer has spread to other lungs and / or lymph nodes and / or other organs.

Lung Cancer Risk Factors
Risk is a factor that increases the chances of a person getting a disease. For lung cancer, the known factors are:
1) Smoking
2) Exposure to chemical / chemical industry
3) Family history & self
4) Passive smoker

Lung Cancer Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of the patient’s lung cancer depend on the location and size of the tumor and whether there is a local infection or away from the lungs.
1) Cough
2) Hemoptysis
3) Difficulty breathing
4) Chest pain
5) Respiratory noise (rustle) and / or change of sound (gay)
6) Weight loss and loss of appetite
7) Tired and lethargic
8) Prolonged pneumonia
9) Swelling and redness at the top of the chest, neck and face
10) Nausea, vomiting, thirst, constipation or miscarriage due to increased calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia)
11) Symptoms of metastasis to other organs

Colorectal cancer is colon cancer (colon) and rectum (colon end). Colorectal cancer is also known as colon cancer. Given that most of these cancers come from bowel tissue gland (adenocarcinoma), this article will only refer to colon and rectal adenocarcinoma.

Colorectum Cancer Stage

Knowing the stage (stage) of cancer can help the doctor to plan the treatment. The following levels are used for colorectal cancer.
Stage 0
Early stage cancer. Cancer is still confined to the intestinal tract of the intestine. This stage is also known as in situ carcinoma or intramucosal carcinoma.

Stage 1
Cancer has penetrated the deepest layers of the intestine but has not reached the outer wall layer.

Stage 2
Cancer has spread to the outer wall of the colon or rectum, but does not involve the lymph nodes.
(The lymph nodes are small structures such as nuts that are part of the system body defense) or other body parts.

Stage 3
Cancer has spread to the nearby lymph nodes but has not spread to other parts of the body.

Stage 4
Cancer has spread to other parts of the body such as liver, lung or bone.
This stage does not depend on how deep the cancer penetrates the intestinal wall and whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.

Risk Factor Cancer Colorectum

Colorectal cancer has a variety of risk factors. Most cancers start from polyps (non-cancerous tumors) that can develop into cancer.

Risk factors for colorectal cancer include:
1) Age over 60 years
2) A diet rich in red meat or processed
3) Low fiber diet
4) Ever had polypectum polyps
5) Ever had cancer related genetics (ie, uterine cancer, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, kidneys and ovaries)
6) Have family members who have had colorectal cancer
7) Ever suffered from inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis)
8) Smoking
9) Alcohol

Colorectal Cancer Symptoms

Most cases of colorectal cancer do not have any form of symptoms. Patients may also exhibit the following symptoms:
1) Changes in habitual disorders (diarrhea or constipation) persist for several weeks
2) There is blood in the stool
3) There is mucus in the stool
4) Abdominal pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen
5) Shaped stool thinner than normal
6) Weight loss without any known cause

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that forms from cells in the breast. Breast cells grow and divide beyond control, attack and damage the adjacent tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also be separated from the original tumor, and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This is how breast cancer spreads somewhere in the body. This type of cancer is called metastasis.

Breast Cancer Stage

As long as breast cancer has not been prevented, high hopes of controlling it are through early detection, diagnosis and treatment. Breast cancer can be divided into 4 stages depending on the progression of the disease.
Stage 1
Cancer is 2 cm or less, and is limited to breasts.

Stage 2
Cancer measures between 2-5 cm, or lymph nodes (lymph nodes in the armpit) involved, or both.

Stage 3
Cancer is more than 5 cm in size, or involves the skin or muscles beneath it, the lymph nodes are usually involved, but the cancer has not spread even further.

Stage 4
Cancer spreads to distant places such as lymph nodes in the neck, lungs, liver or bones.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors

1) Genetic
2) Hormones
3) Lifestyle & Diet
4) Environment

Symptoms: Breast Change

From time to time, women or doctors can detect breast changes, for example:
1) There was a lump
2) Any changes to the shape of the breast or dentures on the skin
3) There are parts that feel different from the surrounding area
4) Swelling of the breast nipples
5) Nipple is included in (reverse nipple)
6) Pain

When women find changes, most of them worry about the possibility of breast cancer, though this may not be true for most cases. However, all experts agree that women should consult a doctor to investigate any breast problem as soon as possible. If it’s true cancer, early detection means a better chance for effective treatment.

The liver is an important organ that includes gall bladder and gallbladder ducts. It is the second largest organ in a blood-rich, wedge-shaped body, located right beneath the right rib, beneath the lungs. Our hearts are shaped like wedges or pyramids and are divided into two parts – left and right.

The main function of the liver is to filter and process blood from toxic substances, producing bile fluids (to help fat digestion); helps synthesis of blood proteins, glucose and cholesterol; helps metabolism (medicine, vitamins, alcohol, hemoglobin); as storage store (for fat soluble vitamins, iron and glycogen); removal agent (eliminating dead blood cells and metabolic waste) and improving immune system.

How can liver cancer occur?

Liver cancer is divided into two types: primary and secondary. Primary liver cancer means cancer begins in the liver. Secondary liver cancer means cancer cells come from other organs and spread to the liver.

Many factors can contribute to the disease but the main cause is the chronic hepatitis B virus infection that causes cirrhosis (liver cell death that eventually forms scar) and turns into cancer if not treated.

Hepatitis B infection is most reported in Asia and is considered an epidemic, especially in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and China. Most patients aged 30 years and over because hepatitis B virus takes a long time to damage the liver and usually this break occur quickly. But the efficacy of treatment is still low as most patients only come to hospital when their illness is severe.

Apart from this cause, many risk factors can expose a person to the disease, among others:
1) Hepatitis C infection with the presence of liver cirrhosis
2) Cirrhosis that spreads to liver function
3) Excessive alcohol consumption (can stimulate existing liver damage)
4) Obesity
5) Diabetes
6) Smoking
7) The use of steroids in the long run
8) Fungal infections (long-term exposure to aflatoxin is a fungus produced toxin)
9) Drinking water contains arsenic (in some countries)

In the early stages, liver cancer does not show symptoms. Symptoms of the disease only arise when the disease is severe (third and fourth stage) when liver function is severely affected. Among the symptoms of liver cancer patients are:
1) Weight loss without cause
2) No lasting appetite
3) It feels so sumptuous even if you eat a little
4) There is a hard lump on the right side below the ribs
5) Pain around right shoulder
6) Skin becomes yellow, including eyes
7) The upper abdomen (right) feels uncomfortable
8) Always feeling lethargic and lifeless
9) Nausea

Liver Cancer Acupuncture and Herbal Treatment Cure

Depends for the stage of the cancer, the period of the treatment will be different. Most of the patients who taking the Acupuncture and Herbal Treatment Cure did feels and see good result. Chinese Master is one of the liver cancer specialists in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.